Software application is to do with the type of editing programmes that editor use to make their one big videos. Sometime the editors would have to use more than one software since some application offer specific editing material. These could be to do with graphic as some people would like to enhance their graphic as some editing software do not offer many variety of graphic. These software can be only found digital devices such as a laptop or computer
I only use one editing software which was Final Cut Pro, I did use the graphic and enhance by making it look darker to reflect the theme of my ultra short film. this was show at the time of 35 seconds within my film. I was able to make everything within this software.
This had a lot of good impact within my work as I got used to using the software and I know how to use it. This therefore illustrate that this software was very reliable to me as it made thing easier to edit my work and there was a lot of variety of graphics to use.
Hardware
It is just to do with how the editor made their film either through linear or non-linear. Linear mean that the editor edited their work through the use of scissor and glue including the analogue tape to make their film. Whereas non-linear means that the editor edited their work through editing that is shown in devices such as laptop or computer.
In my work I had used a software application through the I mac that I used. This is illustrated form the picture below where it show me use an editing software from a I mac.
I am glad that I had not used chose the editing method linear to make my film because firstly I have not got any experience of doing it in that method. I am happy that I had chose the other editing method which was non-linear as I was able to correct any mistakes that I made throughout my work whereas in linear you would have to get it right doing the first time.
High definition/ standard definition
It is just the way the editor export the video whether it is in high definition or in standard definition. High definition means that the quality of the video or clip is better than standard, it is less likely to look distorted. Whereas standard definition is normal quality of a video but it is quite likely to get distorted whilst it is being exported from a computer to a website. Standard definition is has got lower quality than high definition.
In my work I had chose to make the video in hd This is illustrated form the picture below where it show me use an editing software from a I mac.
This had a lot of impact within my work because it made the quality of the video look better. In the video you can also tell that it is not distorted which is good for me.
Tapes
This is where the editor stores his clips in a memory card. The only way that you can store it in a memory card is by inputting it onto a camera and recorded. Once you have film a shot it would have already been transferred to the memory card. With the memory card you can in transfer the clips into
USB's, CD's, video tapes and SD cards even though you don't have to do that. You can just log and transfer it onto the I Mac and start editing altogether.
I used a memory card to store my clips. The reason why I did this is because it would allow me to easily track all of the footage an easily transfer it to the computers to edit them altogether.
The impact that this had on my work is that I did not have to use more than one memory card. This memory card was very reliable to me as it was able to store more than a 100 clips. This therefore made it easier for me to edit my ultra short film
Hard disc
This is one of the step that the editor must before editing. This is where the editor start importing clips to a specific software or files in order to easily access it. It is also to do with where the editor put the clips and how he or she will access the hard drive again
I used an editing programme called Final Cut Pro to easily transfer the footage in the imac. The reason why I did this is so that I could start editing or otherwise I will not be able to. This software would often allow you to see the video again and again since I knew where it was saved.
The impact that this had on the work is that i was able to see upfront that all the clip this therefore allow me tot edit my work easier as i could worried less and I did not have to keep checking on files where i put the clips it is just on the same files.
Data transfer rates
Data transfer rates is how fast all of the data transfers to the I Mac, computer or laptop. This to do with how quick you are able to import and how quick the data transfer rate is per second in term of MB. This be more than 80 MB pr second or less. Obviously the higher the transfer rate the more the sufficient the software is.
I used an editing programme called Final Cut Pro i used this programme since it was the editing software available on the I Mac. The data transfer rate is 80 MB which is good.
Since I had to upload 104 clips I was quite please by it and it only took less than 6 minutes to upload which is quite. Therefore I was able to start editing quite quickly.
Exporting productions
It is where the editor is exporting a finished film and is export to a specific file. This is the final stage of the editing process where you should have completed the improvement of your work.
An example of this is where I used the editing programme called final cut pro to export my final video to YouTube. The reason why I did this because I wanted to make this video unlisted on YouTube.
This is effective within as it was easy to export the file and I did not have to save the rendered version of the video it was transfer to YouTube straight away.
File types
This is where the editor gets a choose what kind file type they want to save there video and this is where they show it before the video fully export. These files are such as Mov, Avi and Fly and mp4. This there fore means that you can save your video in many format.
An example of this is where I had used the programme called Final Cut Pro. I used this programme to export my video because this is the software that i used to edit my video.
This had not much import within the work i mean i was able to do is upload my film and it to YouTube link and now people are able to see the video as long as they have my link and which is because i made it unlisted on you tube.
Compression
This is where the files are compressed when vidoe are uploading to youtube or when exporting to another software. It just make the the file smaller. An example of this shown in my work when the video s exported to youtube and you that the looks of the video are different they do not look legit from the actual video from final cut pro. This had made a lot of bad impact within my work as it has made the video look aesthetically less pleasing.
Montage is a collection of shots which have been put together like a showreel without any break. This is often used mainly in music video to create excitement and thrill for the audience. These montage could be relating to what happened in the past from somebody mind perspective and how they felt. I used the montage editing technique at the end of my ultra short film to illustrate what happened in the past leading up to the boss death. This is done between the time of 1:38- 1:57. This indicates that I have used stand the effect that this have has on the audience is sympathy as it reflect the story of a boss' life.
Appropriate transition (Dissolve)
A fade is when the editor adds dissolve to reflect time passing. A fade is used in between shot within film especially the opening of the film and the end credit of the film. This often used to tell the beginning of the story and ending or sometime to reflect a past. I used this technique within my ultra short film. This is done 1:39 onward where a montage of a past leading up to the boss death illustrates multiples of fade to create sympathy of the events that happened within the boss' life.
Appropriate convention (Cutaway)
It is when a scene cuts to filler shot to show what is happening around the subject and this will stops the jarring happening within the scene in the film. These cutaway shot would show what the subject is looking at giving the audience the information on what the object or a person looks like. However they are not always used for that, they are used to guide the audience reaction. I used this technique in my ultra shot film during the time of 41-43 seconds. The effect that this has on the audience is that it guides the audience to laugh or to be shocked.
Effective Pacing
It is when the editor make one part of a scene and the other scene to be quite fast. Editor may use slow editing pace within a conversation scene where the editing may use fast pace editing in a car chase scene. In my work I used fast pace editing and slow pace editing, the slow pace editing is used in whole one scene between the time of 0:00-0:33 where it show that there is a conversation going on between the boss the and the applicant. The applicant wants to get the job but the boss says declines him as his employee. The effective that this scene has on the audience is that is makes them feel the flow of the scene and nothing serious is happening. I used he fast pace editing within the chase scene which is during the time of 0:40- 1:03 to illustrate action is happening within the scene. this keeps the audience engaged and excited.
Convey information effectively
It is when the editor use editing technique to put across information to their audience and to make meaning within the scene. Editor could use an editing technique such as motivated cut as the audience would be able to see the the subject thought and the thought of what the subject has will guide the audience reaction as it will make they feel part of the film. I used jump cutting editing technique within my film to convey information effectively to the audience. This is shown between the time of 1:02-1:10 where it convey information effectively. This is because the audience are able to see that the boss is not able to skate and that he fails to skate multiple of times through the use of jump cut. This would make the audience the audience as it shows the boss cannot skate at all.
Use Sound to create impact
It is when the editor use sound effects to make an impact within the scene to make the audience feel it and kept engaged. This is mainly used in a fighting scene when the actors are not actually punching each other but the voice over of the sound effect make it sound like he punched him or they are punching each other. I used this within the last part of the chase scene. This is done during the time of 1:31-1:33 where i used the sound effect of the skateboard actually hitting the boss. The reason why I chose to use this sound effect to make the audience hear the impact of the hit of skateboard. The effect that this has on the audience is that it make them believe that the boss got hit hard.
mix soundtracks
It when the editor use more than one soundtrack within their whole film. These soundtrack would often create meaning of what is happening within the subject and match the action that is happening. An example of scene would be a from an action film, the fight scene. This is where the soundtrack would start to create within the scene to make the scene look intense. I used more than one soundtrack, one of them was used at 0:10 this was so that the audience would feel sympathy for the applicant whom got rejected for the job he wanted to do. The other soundtrack was used at the time of 0:46 to create some sense of humour. The effect that this has on the audience is that it will guide their reaction because soundtrack does create impact within the scenes that I made.
Overlap sound
It when more than one sound has been put in place within the film. These could be dialogue and a soundtrack as it it most of the times used there. Sometimes they are used in chase scene in horror film where the killer is chasing a person and his' or her' friends at the same time and the chased character exchange dialogue with each other. This when a soundtrack would come into place to intensify the scene. I used this technique within my ultra short film. I used this technique within the time of 0:10-0:14 where the audience can see that there is music playing in the background of the boss dialogue 'By looking at the CV I'm afraid you have not got the job.' What this scene done is that it made the audience feel sympathy of what is happening around the applicant.
Offline edit/ online edit
Offline edit is when the editor uses an editing editing decision list to decide which clip he want to use which. It is also to with the shooting script as that is a rough sketch on what shot will be put in to make the film. Where online edit is different it is when the editor actually decide to edit the actual footage. I have done offline edit and online edit. The effect that this has on the editor is that it makes it easier for them to film and edit.
This is my offline edit
This is my online edit
On screen text
It when the editor use graphic to explain what location, time and period it is. This could be used to say what happen about 3 days ago or be forward in time like 3 hours later. This is often used in action film where they explain the area that they are in investigating. I used this technique within my film to set a time period this is used at the time of 0:34 where it illustrate graphic. What this did in my scene is that it cut the film shorter and it gives the audience relevant information that they need to know.
image editing
This is where the editor decides where to put the clips that he has made and this is where he also decide where to cut the clip of what is happening around the subject. This is also where he has to decide what shot to put in between the shots. I used this technique within my film to show that I edited the clip I also adjusted the lighting within it so it would look even throughout the scene. This was specifically done during the time of 0:05-0:07 where it shows a shot of the applicant giving the CV to the boss. This effect just make s the video look more aesthetically pleasing to the audience.
audio editing
It is when the the editor adjust the volume of the audio to make it sound some time he or she rearranges the audio and adds effects such as making the audio fade in and fade out, the editor sometimes also makes the audio louder or quieter than it was before, so it can improve the film. I used this within one scene this is used at the time of 1:14 where I adjust the volume of the car engine so the audience could hear what the actor is saying 'what was that'. This create a flow within the film as the audience would be able to hear what is happening simultaneously.
What were the main strengths of your product phrase?
During this week my original group (myself, Jannah and Usama) started of looking at the past videos that Usama, Matthew and I done during our break. We use Matthew as a substitute camera person due to Jannah being unavailable for most of the duration of filming. However Jannah did have some free time and worked with us.
Whilst we were looking back a the pass clips we noticed that the lighting of them were quite low, this was because there was not enough light in the room and you can tell it did not look right. We also notice that we needed to re-shoot some footage as it could have looked better and we also forgot to use some props in some of the shots.
I feel my group kept in contact extremely well throughout this week because finished filming on Thursday afternoon which was earlier then we planned. We use social network to keep each other informed on what stage we are at, for example when we were going to film in certain locations such as my house and any re-shoot locations and remind each other so we did not forget.
What challenges did you face during the production phrase and how did you overcome them?
On Tuesday afternoon I told everyone within my group to film with me at my house first, i made this decision because the time before we did it last the clip look too dim. So we decided as a group to go to my house first since we found out it will be raining soon and we did not want to hear the raining sound. The reason behind this is because the meeting location was classroom shed and the roof would have made a lot of sound.
During this week asked Matthew Moore since Jannah said she would busy doing work experience during our break. However Matthew decided not to come on Saturday. I told Usama to film with me by my house that day since I knew that one person was available to help film in the house. This person was Elijah Mohammed.
What changes did you make form your planning? What was the impact of the changes?
We had to change location within our shooting script which was the exchange entrance and the police station we put the those shot in one location which was valentines park because we did not get permission to film there. The only problem this caused is by giving us less place to film.
What improvement would you make to your production process if you were to do it again?
The improvement I would make to production process if i was to do it again is that we make sure that we get permission to film in all location. Another is filming earlier so we have time to finish filming in locations in the first place.
Thursday, 20 October 2016
Proposal for The Job
What is your Genre?
This short film is based around a comedic genre with a dark vibe to it. It has a few ideas which match the dark humour within the short film. The dark comedy includes 2 characters which go through an altercation over a job application. As a group we found that this would be a good way to display our skills and create something unique.
Who are your characters?
The employer is a typical boss like character who sits up and is a little bit snobby. He has correct dress sense and speaks well as all established employers will. The candidate is a little scruffy and weird. He has vacant looks and just screams unemployable. Its implied that he wont get the job straight away with the camera angles and how he is presented. The third alter ego is a mythical creature/ figment of the candidates imagination that then follows the employer around.
What is your setting?
It is set in modern day London but does have mythical aspect with the introduction of the strange candidate. We have open, public locations. These locations are conventional of a typical London shopping centre. It is set in the Ilford Exchange and food court the majority of the locations then take place in and around the area.
What is your story line?
It begins with an interview stage which ends badly for the candidate as he does not get the job. The employer faces the decision to not hire the candidate and the scene moves on to the reaction of the candidate, who is shocked with the decision. This altercation then causes a very strange effect on the candidate where he turns into something of a surreal nature, he starts to stalk the employer following him where ever he goes in order to get an answer the candidate follows the employer down the street, into shops and near his house, to name a few locations. This then leads to a dramatic ending as the employer receives a huge shock from the candidate and it ends badly for them both, the employer gets hit over the head with a skateboard and the candidate has left himself in a bad situation.
What is your narrative?
The short film is linear and follows one scene after another. We don't want to create any confusion within the shots as the story its self is already confusing. Everything will take place in chronological order and with the addition of a montage and a jump cut sequence we show the passing of time.
How will your film incorporate all the Section A techniques?
Shot variety in this part of the film is key as it needs to be humorous. The audience need to understand the humour in each shot. Cut aways will fill certain parts of the awkward, such as the camera moving away from the actors to a shot of someones hands, this then fills the awkward silence. The use of camera language has effects on the audiences mood to the scene, if we keep things exciting it will allow them to want to watch more. The 180 degree rule will follow a conversation between the 2 this will also allow for a shot reverse shot to take place to the follow the conversation. The sequences which display 2 editing rhythms will come in the montage which will be fast paced and quick to show the passing of time, where as the slow paced editing will come to the climatic ending where the employer gets hit with a skate board. The film will include random transitions to ensure the funny factor as we get to the random locations where the candidate is following the employer around such as; dissolves and cut between each scene, using creative transitions in between each cut to have a sense of fluidity.
How will your film incorporate all the Section B techniques?
We have shots such as a POV shot and the aspect of the conversation has the 180 degree rule and a shot reverse shot sequence. The film will include random transitions to ensure the funny factor as we get to the random locations where the candidate is following the employer around. For section B the jump cut sequence will be the montage of the candidate following the employer around. It adds to the humour of the films, we will also have a point of view shot from the angle of the employer who unfortunately sees something terrifying before he dies. It evidently just doesn't end well for him. The montage sequence will have a sound track playing in the background, this will then be cut to the soundtrack to create a sense of rhythm and humour to the whole thing.
It is often to do with how the editor uses different types of shot to reveal flashback or information to the audience, so they can gain knowledge on what is happening around the subject. They often have to use this in films and that is because it creates a flow what is happening within all scenes.
An example of a scene that I chose from a film is called 'The Good, The Bad and The Ugly final scene'. During this scene the audience can denote the type of genre of this film is which is western and also action. You can tell that The Good, The Bad and The Ugly final scene relate to the genre that it is meant to be. They make this clear to the audience through use of props, location, and costume. The costume shows a fashion of a western/ deserted place, this is shown at the time of 0:09- 0:14 where they show a shot of the each character within the scene. All the characters within the scene are wearing western clothing. One of a mid-shot of the antagonist and a two shot on the man next to the grave and one protagonist standing. The first character that shown during those seconds as well is holding a gun which clearly tells the audience on what other genre the film falls under which is action. The location is shown clearly which is an establishing shot were the standoff would be. This is done during the time of 4:07. This clearly tells the audience that where the conclusion of the film would be at.
The use of Mise-en-Scene creates a meaning to the audience as it allows the audience to gain some information on how the scenes relates to genre of the film. In this scene it shows this through the use of western country clothing, the use of props such as guns and the location (field/ dessert). This will therefore make it clear to the audience on the specific genre they are watching and the target audience the film is aiming at which predominantly the male audience.
Combining shot into sequence
It is how the editor uses the shots to combine it as a sequence or an editing convention. These technique could be such as: Seamless/Continuity editing, Motivated cut, montage editing, Jump-cutting, 180 degree rule, transition and many more. The reason why the editor uses these convention is so that it create a certain effect and meaning to the viewer.
I use the example from the top from a film called 'The Good, The Bad and The Ugly final scene' because there are lots of moment within where it combine shots to create a sequence of editing technique. This scene uses a convention within this scene which is motivated cut. This done between the time of 0:38 to 0:48. The motivated cut is used during those seconds. The motivated cut starts off with firstly, a close up of the villain and then a long shot of the protagonist kicking open the casket, then a high angle of a man looking down at the casket. This gives the audience a hint for the first time on what the next shot will be like next which is a high angle of the fossil. By using motivated cut it will give the audience an idea of what the subject is looking at and it allows them to gain information what is there to look at the grave.
By combining shots into sequence the editors are able to develop the drama that is happening within this scene so they can engage the viewer. This would also allow the editor to use editing technique to make the scene flow such as match on action, shot reverse shot .etc. Therefore this will allow the viewer to see any revealed information whilst watching the scene in film. This could be items or props that are used to make the scene have a significant moment for example indicate what could happen next with the guns which happen in the standoff.
Creating Pace
It is how the editor uses editing pace to communicate with the audience. Depending the scenes that the editor has to edit the editor will have to vary the pace from one shot to another. If the editor decides to make partly one of the scene fast it will communicate to the audience, that something big is going to happen. However if the pace of the scene is slow such a conversation scene it would look neutral to the audience.
Within this scene 'The Good, The Bad and The Ugly final scene' the editor decided to use slow editing pace. This is done during the conversation scene between the time of 0:10 to end of the conversation which is done at the time of 1:43. The reason why the editor used a slow pace editing is so that the scene look neutral to audience. The fast pace editing is used only very briefly between the time of 6:25 to 6:47. The reason why the made these seconds as fast pace is to make the scene become very intensive and also to foreshadow death as we see the prop which is the gun constantly shown within the shots like almost a montage.
By managing the pace properly within the scene it will not abrupt the scene and it will it flow. This therefore mean that the example has used slow and fast editing pace simultaneously to guide the audience emotion. This does also mean that the editor did use editing pace to enhance the atmosphere of scene.
This is when editing was not introduces to clips or video and the audience would not have known what it was because it never did exist at this period of time. During the year 1897 the first film was made by the Lumiere Brothers they are the ones that invented film to the audience. There was only one shot within their film and it was quite a long shot, lasting around 45 seconds. The reason why they used a single shot is because they did not have much money and also the equipment was extremely pricey. Therefore the only things that the Lumiere Brothers could do is to gather the shot that they got and make it into a film. Also during this year Geogre Albert Smith became the first ever director. The only properties that the Lumiere Brothers and the director did use: was an analogue cinematographic camera because that was the only thing that they could afford including an analogue film tape.
An example of the first film that was made was called La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon. The reason why this is a great example is because this film was made before editing could be produced. You can tell for the first time in that they had use the long shot this is done the 6 seconds of the film. It shows a bunch a crowd walking which may confused the audience as it quite short and hat they are not use to seeing films on screen.
This was the first film to be ever screen to an audience. The audience had no idea of what the film was about and the audience felt unsure about the story line because they had no clue as it was the first time that they were seeing something on screen. The audience sat and watched the film in a theatre. The film had not capture any sound or editing techniques such as cuts because it did not exist. The only development of editing within that year was that they were able to tell some stories to the audience. However it may have caused some stressed to the audience as they did not have any idea on what was going on and they thought everything single bit of action was happening in real life and the graphics did not look very clear.
In Camera Editing
This is when the director learned about using multiple shots. The director used the clip that they he gathered together and he basically cut the shot using scissors. It was the first time that films had used multiple shots within the film. It was the fist time that editing existed. This was done during the year of 1898. There was man who had invented this multiple shot and editing whose name, called Robert W.Paul. He is also the first person to created still shot within his film and merely created continuity editing and stop motion whilst using still stop motion.
An example of a film that Robert W.Paul made was called 'Come along, do! - 1898'. In this film they use the technique called multiple of shots for the first time in film. The first shot start as usual one long shot which last for 28 seconds, the second shot is where continuity editing, still shot and also stop motion. The first shows a discussion is happening and second and third shot illustrate what is going on in the museum.
This clip create an impact toward the audience. As you can see from the time of 44 seconds the audience would feel very confuse as the shot jumps to another frame. the reason why they would feel like this is because they are seeing this for the first time. Another thing that audience would not have expected is transition, such as cut which is what the editor merely got to understand on how to use in film during these period. However a cut was shown in this example which I used, this would make the audience feel confused because they thought they were missing a bit of action. The development that has been put on this example are such as: more shot, clip is longer and editing technique which had been seen for the first time.
Following the action
It is a type of clip which illustrate different shots to follow the action that is happening within the scenes of the film. During the 1899 Robert Paul.W came up with an idea which was called cutting between different shots, he did this by putting the shots together that he had available even though some were different shot. Paul then cut the shot by using scissor to cut the tape and also glue to stick the different tape together. The reason why the he did this is so that the audience could follow the action that was happening around the subject. He also wanted to create for the first time Cut between shots so that the audience would not be missing any action that was happening within the scene. he was also the pioneer of cross cutting.
An example of a film that Robert W.Paul made to illustrate this technique is called 'As Seen Through a Telescope (1900) - 1st Telescoped PoV Close-Up - George Albert Smith'. During the film you can see that he created different shot that no other film had been able to make during this time period. You can tell this at the time of 0:13 an extreme close up is introduce for the audience. Extreme close up uses of editing technique of the telescope, which makes the audience realise what the man is looking at and also made the audience think that it was quite sexual. It also made the audience feel like that they part of the action or quite guilty of watching it.
The audience may have started to understand what was going on within film. This is may be because of the new shots that was put together and created ongoing, such as extreme close up, close up and extreme long shot which is what has been produced for the first time in any film during these period. An editing technique such as image mask is use for the first time which allow the audience see what is going on within the scene. The development would be that there is more shot and that more significant technique is used also he clip last longer
It is where the audience would see from a shot that it quite far of the subjects perspective or it is where the edit cut to lots of different position to reveal what is happening around the subject. In the 20th century exactly, a man called James Williamson created a technique called Multiple point of view. he was also the first person to another editing technique called Match on Action. The reason why he chose to use this type of editing within his film is to give the audience a hint on what the next shot would look like.
An example of a film that James Williamson made is called Attack on a China Mission, 1900. The reason why this is a great example is because it cuts to a lot of different point of view within the film. During the film the audience see that a new have editing technique is being use such as match on action. This is significant within the film as it may frighten the audience because of he props that is used which is the gun. This may have made some of the audience think that they are dead because of the scenario of the film. The mach on action is used at the time of 0:37-0:52. The first shot is a long and then the next shot is set for a high angle but from a point of view of the battle that is happening around the solider.
I believe that there are quite lot of improvement within these period, there are frequency of shots within the example (Attack on a China Mission, 1900), this will therefore set a tone within the film such as suspense for the audience and also it adds tension within the film. The main difference within this film that no other had within these time period is that there are more continuity editing that has been produced and it also tell the audience a bit more about the story line of the film. Also there is also a bit more pace within the film.
Shot variation
During the 1915 it was the first time that film became featured it was also the first time that films became longer lasting up to 2 hours. It was also the first time where lots of different type camera language were used to guide the audience emotions and put into film. It was also when actors started to become known to the public as a stars/celebrities that the audience wanted to watch featured film which had particular actor. DW Griffths discovered that the paying audience actually liked watching the stars with a closeup shot. DW Griffths was also the first person to create dissolve and he put it in the scenes.
An example of a film that he made was called 1915: The Birth of a Nation - Hollywood's first motion picture. Through out most of the film DW Grffth uses an editing technique which looks like a masking technique. The reason why he uses this technique is to make the audience focus on the subject. This done at the time 25:44, which illustrate the masking technique. The only times he does not use the masking technique is during the fight scene or cross cutting scene.
There had been a lot of editing improvement within film the reason is because the duration of the film is longer. This film called The Birth of a Nation is over 3 hours. This must mean people had more money to make film and that may be one of reason why film may have improve massively. However the graphics is still not that great but there has been a slight improvement within the graphics especially in the conversation scene within this film. This is done within the film at the time of 8:25.
Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space
During the 1925 it was the first time in films where the director edited certain scene to make it look like a montage. He use the montage technique to make his viewers feel suspense within the scene. This was most of the time shown within his film in either the fight scene or war scene. This may made the audience feel quite worried as it used lots of continuous fast pace editing although some of the audience may have been kind excited because it contained lots of cross cutting between the scene.
A director called Eisenstein was the first person to create montage but he called it 'Rythmic Montage'. One of the film he made that uses montage editing style was called Battleship Potemkin (1925). As you can tell from whole clip he use montage to create an intensive atmosphere within his scene. However he didn't just us fast pace editing to just increase tension within the scene, he uses a lot of cutaway shot to guide the audience reaction. This is done at the time of the clip at 5:21-5:25 this clearly show a cutaway shot was use within the scene.
In this film there had been major increase in terms of frequency of shots, also there are lot more cast member within this film that no other has during these time period. Also the technique montage is being use for the first time to create tension within the scene to guide the audience. This will therefore create a good story-line for the audience to see because it will make them feel involved within the film.
Analogue (AKA linear) Editing
At 1917 an editing machine was created for the editors.it was mainly use after the film making was done.The director used this product because it allowed them to use the milestone and be able to see through videos clearer. It also made it easier the editor job a lot easier because they did not need to use scissors and glue to the clips together. This was made by Iwan Serrurier.
An example of a film that this product help a lot for is a director called Eisenstein. A film he had made was called Battleship Potemkin (1925). The reason is because he had to use a lot of editing especially throughout his montage.
This product had brought into a major change within the filming industry. Editors had to use these equipment because it became the film industry standard for editing. It also made the film look exciting for the audience as when using the product within the film enhance the finished and it appeal to the audience.
Digital
Whereas this means that everything was completed edited through a computer. This was the first time use in 1992, the editor used the digital one to enhance the looks of the video and it was much easier to use even though computer were quite slow back then.
An example of a films that had used it was called Toy Story the reason is because they had used a lot of computer effect to make the film. This was also the first time that animation was completely edited on a computer.
This became reliable to use because it gave people opportunity to make videos. It was also because people could edit through computer which made it quite easy to edit.
Film video
This where videos were shot on phone because it showed better quality within film because it made the film look realistic. It was also the first time where the director had not use VHS, the reason is because it was quite complex to use and it was time consuming to make. This would allow them to use effect from their and edit the video easy.
An example from a film that used this type of way to film the video was called Tangerine. You can tell that it had use to develop the looks of the video. This was also the most talked film in hollywood as it was the first time that people use to film for 2 hours.
This film made a lot of audience talk to each other about the film because it created a lot of impact and also it made a lot of audience like it. By using an i-phone the editor were able to use the clips more effectively and it did not cost as much money as they thought. This equipment may be use more often in soap shows as they make lots of episodes.
Continuity editing means that the video or scene flow looks like there is no gap. The scene would make the audience feel like that they are not missing any information that is happening around the subject (s).
An example video I used to illustrate the technique is from the WWE paper view Fastlane where it shows a match between Brock Lesnar, Dean Ambrose and Roman Reign to determine the number 1 contender to face Triple H for his title belt. The reason why I chose this video is because it shows every bit of detail on what is going on throughout this whole fighting scene, this therefore means that the audience will not be missing anything that is going on.
You will see this technique illustrated with every scene in film or anime. This would not refer to a music video or film trailer because there is no continuous flow within those videos. The reason why they may use this technique is to make the audience feel like that they are part of the scene and it makes the audience follow on what is going on.
Motivated
This is a type shot that cuts to a different scene or location within the film or anime series, this is due to what the character or actress says within dialogue to hint what the next shot would look like. Another thing is that they may use this shot for the subject movement, this may relate to a subject finding something valuable (such as a diamond), so they may use a long shot to show the subjects posture and which direction he is looking at and then a close up of the detail of what the subject is looking at. This may also relate to a scene where a person explains his or her background or a person's thoughts may be shown during a fight scene like in a flashback.
An example of a clip that uses this technique is in the clip above taken from the anime series called Naruto Shippuden. Starting from 8 minutes and 13 seconds on the clip and ending on 8 minutes and 43 seconds you can see a good illustration of that technique. When Naruto starts thinking about what the female character Sakura said to him (which is 'i love you'), he basically doesn't believe what she said to him, and whilst he’s thinking about the past, an editing technique called dissolve is used on the left side of the screen. This hints what the next shot would look like because Naruto remembers what Sakura said about another character called Sasuke in the past.
The reason why they may use this type of technique is that it adds tension and suspense and reveals some information about the past to the audience.
Montage (37)
Montage is a collection of shots which have been put together like a showreel without any break. I have used example of this type of technique is from the anime called 'Naruto Shippuden’; I used the end credit of this anime to illustrate what a montage looks like. As you can see, from the beginning of the clip till the end of the whole clip it show a continuation of different shots from the series that has been put together from different time period within this manga series. It moves from one shot to another without any interruption. This clearly shows that this is a montage and the clip reflects on what a montage looks like.
Most of the montage videos would be found in: trailers, showreel and music videos as they put together lots of clips. The reason why the film makers may use this type of technique is so that the audience are kept engaged and it adds some elements of excitements within the films or anime series for the viewers. It also may move the film as it rapidly condenses time.
Jump-cutting
It is a type of scene where the camera stays in the same position and the shot is quite long. During this type of shot you will see that the shot jumps forward in time but stays in the same scene. It may be a shot where a person is waiting for his girlfriend and the director decides use the technique jump cut, to make the scene look as though time has jump forward.
An example of a clip that uses this technique is from my own video which I have created. I chose my video as an illustration of this technique. At the time 0:18-0:20 you will see this technique being used. It will show what the students are doing whilst they are waiting for the teacher to come for their lesson.
You will find that this technique is regularly used in scenes where it shows people waiting for something. The reason why the film maker may use this technique is to skip and show the audience what is relevant at that stage of the scene. This will therefore shorten the film and it will not bore the audience with the unnecessary scenes
180 degree
It is where the camera doesn't move beyond to a certain point or it is an invisible line that runs toward subject A's eye contact and subject B's eyes. The camera only tracks on the same line of the eye contact of subject A and B.
An example clip that uses this technique is from the Marvel series film is called The Avenger Assemble. I took a scene from the film which is the interrogation scene. The reason why this was chosen is because at the time of 0:54 to 1:02 it uses that technique clearly.
You will find this technique in a conversation scene or an interrogation scene. The reason why the film makers uses this type of technique is to avoid confusion on what the subject is looking at and it engages the audience to be part of the action.
Splicing/Transitions, e.g. cut, dissolve, fade, wipe
It is when a video uses transitions such as cut, dissolve or a wipe to move the video along or to make the video look aesthetically appealing for the audience to watch. It is used in videos to enhance its style.
An example of a video that uses this technique is a music video called 'Calvin Harris - This Is What You Came For'. The reason this is a great example is because it uses transitions through-out the music video. It uses editing techniques such as dissolve, cut and wipe between the times of 3 minutes and 4 seconds to 3 minutes and 9 seconds. You will find that this technique is used in music video or any film scenes.
You will find that this type of technique is used in an anime incidental music love scenes or music videos. By using this technique the film maker are able to set a feeling and tone for the audience and they can visually communicate to the audience on the feeling of the song or film scene. This because they will be able to guide the audience reaction.
Cutaways
Divergent
It is when a scene cuts to filler shot to show what is happening around the subject and this will stops the jarring happening within the scene in the film.
An example of film that uses this techniques is a film called Divergent, you can tell this from the time of 0:33-1:22 which shows a subjects walking with a person and looking quite terrified after she is thrown over the bridge, then next shot is showing everyone's on what it is happening. This clearly shows this is a jump cut because it tells the audience on what is happening in a short spam of time.
You may find these types of scene in an action scene but usually in interview scenes. The reason why film makers may use this technique is to intentionally guide the audience emotion and to distract the viewer show the emotions of either the crowd or a subject.
Point of view shot
It is shot that comes from the first person perspective which would usually come from the Main actor of the film. Also within this type of shot it can be very long and it will be the same shot for sometimes 3 minutes or more or less just about.
An example of clip that I used from a film that uses this technique is called Wheels. The reason why this would be a great example is because throughout the whole clip it is just shot of point of view from a person in a wheel chair you can tell this from the time of 0:15 in this clip. This clearly indicates that this clip illustrate what a point of view look like.
You may find this type of technique in a horror movie because you are more likely going to see in that type of genre where a person looking through the camera to see if anyone is following her. The reason why the institution may use this type of technique is to make the audience feel involved. It also immerses the audience view and grabs their attention, which may be either that it is quite an intense scene or to make the audience feel the same emotion as the subject.
Shot reverse shot
It is multiple of shots where the camera cuts to two people. This is up to 3 shots or more depending on the conversation scene, two for subject A and 1 for Subject B. The shot starts with subject A then it cuts to subject B and then to A and it carries on depending on when it is necessary to stop that.
An example of clip that does use this technique is from a film series called The Avengers. I have taken a clip from the series which indicates what a shot to reverse shot looks like. In his a shot reverse shot is used in this encounter scene between Tony Stark and Loki and this is done at the time of 1:31 to 1:41. This clearly shot that this is a shot reverse shot.
You would see this type of technique in an encounter scene or a fight scene. The reason why they may use this type of technique is that it is an easy shot to create and also it allows the audience to follow on who is talking and it also mimics it like a conversation.
There are more episode to this where pain explain his past but is this just
one of them just the beginning of it.
Providing means that the shot allows the audience to gain information what is happening around the subject and that the shots reveals information to the audience. Whereas with the technique called wild holding information means the opposite. This therefore means the shots would leave the audience questioning and that the shot gives the audience less information.
An example of clip that provides information to the audience is the clip above. This clip is taken from an anime called Naruto Shipudden episode 172. The reason why this is a great example is because the protagonist decided to explain his background information, about his 2 painful moments that had happened in his past life that made him who he is right at that moment of the scene. This is done during the time 1:13 onward and on a couple of more episodes. Whereas the link below comes from soap series called Midsomer Murder which leads you to watching the episode. For the audience who watches this programme religiously per episode, they will be able to know that a murder will happen during the first 4 minutes of the programme, however the shot do not reveal on where the body disappear to and the shots do not reveal the person who killed the victim. This clearly shows that this a withholding information technique used as this will lead the audience questioning on what happened.
Midsomer murder season 18 episode 1
first 4 minutes
You may find this technique being shown through a conversation scene or a mystery genre film. The reason why the film makers use providing technique is to create suspense or to let the audience gain new information that the audience perhaps didn't knew about. Withholding information creates an enigma for the audience because it leaves them questioning.
Editing Rhythm
It when the editor a video makes it either fast or slow pace depending on the tempo of the incidental music or when the editor the tries to makes the look of the video erratic. Erratic mean that it is editing in a way that the audience would have to keep guessing on what shots will come next. The shots would come from lots of different scenes and location within the film, so the shot could be for example a close up of a watch then the next shot could be an establishing shot of a location.
An example of the clip I chose is a trailer from above it illustrates what editing rhythm looks like. The reason why this is a great example is because the shot cuts to the tempo of the incidental music and this trailer uses this technique throughout the whole clip.
You will definitely would find these techniques used in scenes which involves lots of emotions. The reason why the film makers may use the editing to the rhythm technique is to make the audience feel the emotion within the emotional scene which could be either be a fast or slow paced editing. The audience would feel confused if the film makers used the erratic editing technique because it quite jarring to watch.
It is where two different scenes are happening at the same time and the scene halfway through it to another scene which may leave the audience questioning on what is going to happen in that scene that cut to another. The scenes would cut in between each other to make it look like the scenes are happening at the same time.
An example of a scene that I chose is from the film called The Barber Shop: The Next Cut. The reason is because it illustrates those techniques. This is during the time of 1:34:24-1:37:00, one scene is about when the father finds out that his son is in a gang and he goes off to chase him in his car, in the other scene it shows the father son being threatened by his gang group. It cut frequently between the scenes to add suspense.
You will find this technique used in mystery genre film or perhaps a fight scenes. The reason why the film makers use this technique to create suspense and it shows what is happening at the same time to establish that it is happening at the same time or time periods.
Cutting to soundtrack
This is a type of clip which cuts to the beat of the music. If the tempo of the soundtrack is fast or slow the clip would use lots of different shot depending on the tempo of the soundtrack which it best fits to cut from. If it was a funeral song it would not look energetic whereas if it was a pop music there would be more frequency of shots.
An example of a video that uses this technique is the Nicki Minaj song as the music is professionally made and the music clips reflects the type of genre it is. This will therefore enhance the video as it may engage a lots of audience and increase the viewing figure for this music video.
The technique cutting to the soundtrack is found in music videos as it illustrates a video which cuts to the beat of the soundtrack. The reason why they do this to make the music video look more exiting and it enhances the flow of the music as the audience would find it more enjoyable to watch, whereas if the cuts were put in the wrong section of the the music video, the flow of the music video would not be here and may not attract as many audience.
